SQL Server Functions
SQL Server has many built-in functions.
This reference contains string, numeric, date, conversion, and some advanced functions in SQL Server.
SQL Server String Functions
| Function | Description |
|---|---|
| ASCII | Returns the ASCII value for the specific character |
| CHAR | Returns the character based on the ASCII code |
| CHARINDEX | Returns the position of a substring in a string |
| CONCAT | Adds two or more strings together |
| Concat with + | Adds two or more strings together |
| CONCAT_WS | Adds two or more strings together with a separator |
| DATALENGTH | Returns the number of bytes used to represent an expression |
| DIFFERENCE | Compares two SOUNDEX values, and returns an integer value |
| FORMAT | Formats a value with the specified format |
| LEFT | Extracts a number of characters from a string (starting from left) |
| LEN | Returns the length of a string |
| LOWER | Converts a string to lower-case |
| LTRIM | Removes leading spaces from a string |
| NCHAR | Returns the Unicode character based on the number code |
| PATINDEX | Returns the position of a pattern in a string |
| QUOTENAME | Returns a Unicode string with delimiters added to make the string a valid SQL Server delimited identifier |
| REPLACE | Replaces all occurrences of a substring within a string, with a new substring |
| REPLICATE | Repeats a string a specified number of times |
| REVERSE | Reverses a string and returns the result |
| RIGHT | Extracts a number of characters from a string (starting from right) |
| RTRIM | Removes trailing spaces from a string |
| SOUNDEX | Returns a four-character code to evaluate the similarity of two strings |
| SPACE | Returns a string of the specified number of space characters |
| STR | Returns a number as string |
| STUFF | Deletes a part of a string and then inserts another part into the string, starting at a specified position |
| SUBSTRING | Extracts some characters from a string |
| TRANSLATE | Returns the string from the first argument after the characters specified in the second argument are translated into the characters specified in the third argument. |
| TRIM | Removes leading and trailing spaces (or other specified characters) from a string |
| UNICODE | Returns the Unicode value for the first character of the input expression |
| UPPER | Converts a string to upper-case |
SQL Server Math/Numeric Functions
| Function | Description |
|---|---|
| ABS | Returns the absolute value of a number |
| ACOS | Returns the arc cosine of a number |
| ASIN | Returns the arc sine of a number |
| ATAN | Returns the arc tangent of a number |
| ATN2 | Returns the arc tangent of two numbers |
| AVG | Returns the average value of an expression |
| CEILING | Returns the smallest integer value that is >= a number |
| COUNT | Returns the number of records returned by a select query |
| COS | Returns the cosine of a number |
| COT | Returns the cotangent of a number |
| DEGREES | Converts a value in radians to degrees |
| EXP | Returns e raised to the power of a specified number |
| FLOOR | Returns the largest integer value that is <= to a number |
| LOG | Returns the natural logarithm of a number, or the logarithm of a number to a specified base |
| LOG10 | Returns the natural logarithm of a number to base 10 |
| MAX | Returns the maximum value in a set of values |
| MIN | Returns the minimum value in a set of values |
| PI | Returns the value of PI |
| POWER | Returns the value of a number raised to the power of another number |
| RADIANS | Converts a degree value into radians |
| RAND | Returns a random number |
| ROUND | Rounds a number to a specified number of decimal places |
| SIGN | Returns the sign of a number |
| SIN | Returns the sine of a number |
| SQRT | Returns the square root of a number |
| SQUARE | Returns the square of a number |
| SUM | Calculates the sum of a set of values |
| TAN | Returns the tangent of a number |
SQL Server Date Functions
| Function | Description |
|---|---|
| CURRENT_TIMESTAMP | Returns the current date and time |
| DATEADD | Adds a time/date interval to a date and then returns the date |
| DATEDIFF | Returns the difference between two dates |
| DATEFROMPARTS | Returns a date from the specified parts (year, month, and day values) |
| DATENAME | Returns a specified part of a date (as string) |
| DATEPART | Returns a specified part of a date (as integer) |
| DAY | Returns the day of the month for a specified date |
| GETDATE | Returns the current database system date and time |
| GETUTCDATE | Returns the current database system UTC date and time |
| ISDATE | Checks an expression and returns 1 if it is a valid date, otherwise 0 |
| MONTH | Returns the month part for a specified date (a number from 1 to 12) |
| SYSDATETIME | Returns the date and time of the SQL Server |
| YEAR | Returns the year part for a specified date |
SQL Server Advanced Functions
| Function | Description |
|---|---|
| CAST | Converts a value (of any type) into a specified datatype |
| COALESCE | Returns the first non-null value in a list |
| CONVERT | Converts a value (of any type) into a specified datatype |
| CURRENT_USER | Returns the name of the current user in the SQL Server database |
| IIF | Returns a value if a condition is TRUE, or another value if a condition is FALSE |
| ISNULL | Return a specified value if the expression is NULL, otherwise return the expression |
| ISNUMERIC | Tests whether an expression is numeric |
| NULLIF | Returns NULL if two expressions are equal |
| SESSION_USER | Returns the name of the current user in the SQL Server database |
| SESSIONPROPERTY | Returns the session settings for a specified option |
| SYSTEM_USER | Returns the login name for the current user |
| USER_NAME | Returns the database user name based on the specified id |
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