Java Interface
Interfaces
Another way to achieve abstraction in Java, is with interfaces.
An interface is a completely "abstract class"
that is used to group related methods with empty bodies:
Example
// interface
interface Animal {
public void animalSound(); // interface method (does not have a body)
public void run(); // interface method (does not have a body)
}
To access the interface methods, the interface must be "implemented"
(kinda like inherited) by another class with the implements
keyword (instead of extends). The body of the
interface method is provided by the "implement" class:
Example
// Interface
interface Animal {
public void animalSound(); // interface method (does not have a body)
public void sleep(); // interface method (does not have a body)
}
// Pig "implements" the Animal interface
class Pig implements Animal {
public void animalSound() {
// The body of animalSound() is provided here
System.out.println("The pig says: wee wee");
}
public void sleep() {
// The body of sleep() is provided here
System.out.println("Zzz");
}
}
class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Pig myPig = new Pig(); // Create a Pig object
myPig.animalSound();
myPig.sleep();
}
}
Notes on Interfaces:
- Like abstract classes, interfaces cannot be used to create objects (in the example above, it is not possible to create an "Animal" object in the MyMainClass)
- Interface methods do not have a body - the body is provided by the "implement" class
- On implementation of an interface, you must override all of its methods
- Interface methods are by default
abstractandpublic - Interface attributes are by default
public,staticandfinal - An interface cannot contain a constructor (as it cannot be used to create objects)
Why And When To Use Interfaces?
1) To achieve security - hide certain details and only show the important details of an object (interface).
2) Java does not support "multiple inheritance" (a class can only inherit from one superclass). However, it can be achieved with interfaces, because the class can implement multiple interfaces. Note: To implement multiple interfaces, separate them with a comma (see example below).
Multiple Interfaces
To implement multiple interfaces, separate them with a comma:
Example
interface FirstInterface {
public void myMethod(); // interface method
}
interface SecondInterface {
public void myOtherMethod(); // interface method
}
class DemoClass implements FirstInterface, SecondInterface {
public void myMethod() {
System.out.println("Some text..");
}
public void myOtherMethod() {
System.out.println("Some other text...");
}
}
class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
DemoClass myObj = new DemoClass();
myObj.myMethod();
myObj.myOtherMethod();
}
}